Contents Vol. 33

GENERAL AND APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY

The Journal of the Entomological Society of New South Wales Inc.

VOLUME 33 CONTENTS

FLETCHER, M.J. A revision of the genus Horouta Knight with description of two new species and notes on other species of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). …………………………………. 45

The monotypic New Zealand genus Horouta Knight is expanded by the transfer of four Australian species described by G.W. Kirkaldy and the addition of two new species.  A revised diagnosis of the genus and key to species are given.  New combinations proposed are Horouta austarche (Kirkaldy), Horouta perparvus (Kirkaldy), Horouta lotis (Kirkaldy) (all from Deltocephalus) and Horouta austrina (Kirkaldy) (from Lonatura).  New species described are Horouta jahmoi sp. nov. and Horouta spinosa sp. nov.  The genus now contains six Australian species and a single species from New Zealand.  Other new combinations proposed are Micrelloides polemon (Kirkaldy), Arawa centralis (Evans) and Arawa decoloratus (Evans) all transferred from Deltocephalus.  Micrelloides molaris Evans is synonymised with M. polemon and placed in the tribe Paralimnini.  A checklist of species of Arawa Knight is given.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 45-54

HERRON, G.A., GULLICK, G. and HOLLOWAY, J. Amparo® : a new cotton seed-dressing mixture of imidacloprid and thiodicarb. ……………………………………… 25

The new cotton-seed dressing Amparo is a mixture of two chemical groups (chloronicotinyl and carbamate) that must be accurately positioned within the Australian cotton Integrated Resistance Management Strategy (IRMS).  Against cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, the carbamate component of the mixture did not significantly reduce aphid numbers.  In contrast, the chloronicotinyl component was significantly better than the control and gave statistically equivalent efficacy at all rates tested.  Consequently, the current chloronicotinyl grouping of Amparo within the cotton IRMS is valid.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 25-28

IL’ICHEV, A.L. First Australian trials of Ethyl (2E, 4Z)-2,4-Decadienoate for monitoring of female and male codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit orchards. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 15

Codling moth (CM) is the most important pest of commercial pome fruit orchards in Australia.  Sex pheromone mediated mating disruption is widely used in Victoria to control CM but monitoring of CM populations with sex pheromone traps in orchards treated with mating disruption is difficult.  Ethyl (2E, 4Z)-2,4-decadienoate (DA) has been reported to be a species-specific, highly attractive pear-derived kairomone for male and female CM.  The first field trials in Australia of different formulations of DA were conducted in the 2001-02 season in apple, pear and nashi pear orchards and continued in the 2002-03 season on different varieties of apples.  Pure DA and it’s mixture with CM sex pheromone (E, E)-8-,10- dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone) were highly specific and attractive for CM males and females in orchards.  Further work is warranted to determine optimum combinations of DA and codlemone.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 15-20

MANSFIELD, C.M. and HOSSAIN, M.S. The attractiveness of different fermenting food odours to Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). ……… 41

The attractiveness of a range of fermented fruit juices to Carpophilus spp. was examined in an apricot orchard in Northern Victoria.  Three major species, Carpophilus davidsoni Dobson, C. hemipterus (L.) and C. humeralis (L.) were trapped, with the former dominant throughout most of the study period.  Although variation in trap catch was high, Carpophilus spp. were attracted to peach juice in significantly higher numbers than other food attractants tested including apple juice, apricot juice, grapefruit juice and grapefruit pulp.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 41-44

NICHOLAS, A.H., SPOONER-HART, R.N. and VICKERS, R.A. Susceptibility of eight apple varieties to damage by Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), an effective predator of Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann (Hemiptera: Aphididae). …………………………………. 21

Overseas Forficula auricularia L. is recorded as a pest of apple.  In Australia however it has been shown capable of providing biological control of Erisoma lanigerum Hausmann in apple orchards.  Laboratory, field cage and crop assessments at harvest were used to identify and determine the extent of damage caused by F. auricularia to varieties of apple grown commercially in Australia.  In the laboratory, in the absence of alternative food sources, the varieties Golden Delicious and Sundowner were susceptible to F. auricularia damage and most damage occurred on or close to the calyx.  No damage was recorded on Granny Smith, Jonathan, Red Delicious, Red Fuji and Smoothe.  In field cages Red Delicious and Granny Smith were not damaged, and the variety Jonathan was damaged in December but not in January or February.  At harvest, F. auricularia damage was difficult to distinguish from that caused by the Light Brown Apple moth Epiphyas postyittana (Walker).  Damage attributed to F. auricularia in Jonathan was 2.48%.  Red Delicious 1.77% and Granny Smith 0.39%.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 21-24

SCHMIDT, E.R. and SMITHERS, C.N. The genus Howeanum Smithers (Psocoptera: Elipsocidae) transferred to the family Pseudocaeciliidae. ……… 13

Howeonum huberi Smithers, originally described from Lord Howe Island and placed in the Elipsocidae, is transferred to the Pseudocaeciliidae.  Ausiropsocus costalis Thornton and New is transferred to Howeanum Smithers.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 13-14

SMITH, D., PAPACEK, D., HALLAM, M. and SMITH, J. Biological control of Pulvinaria urbicola (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in a Pisonia grandis forest on North East Herald Cay in the Coral Sea. ………………………………………………………………………………………… 61

SMITH, D., PAPACEK, D. and NEALE, C. The successful introduction to Australia of Diversinervus sp. near stramineus Compere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Kenyan parasitoid of green coffee scale. …………………………………………………………………………… 33

The Encyrtid parasitoid Diversinervus sp. near stramineus Compere was introduced from coastal Kenya to Australia for the biological control of green coffee scale Coccus viridis (Green) infesting citrus, coffee and ornamentals.  After quarantine testing against 16 other native and introduced insect scales and mealybugs, D. sp.nr stramineus was found to be specific to C viridis and releases were made throughout Queensland and northern New South Wales.  The parasitoid’s effectiveness was assessed in three citrus blocks in southeast Queensland and in a coffee block in north Queensland over three to four years.  The parasitoid established readily, becoming the dominant natural enemy within 12 months of release with parasitism levels of up to 80%.  D. sp.nr stramineus has established throughout Queensland and northern New South Wales and together with the existing aphelinid parasitoids Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard) and Eurischomyia flavithorax (Girault and Dodd) and the fungal pathogen Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman), has reduced C. viridis to minor pest status.  Three other parasitoids Metaphycus baruensis (Noyes), Metaphycus stanleyi Compere and Coccophagus bogorensis (Koningsberger) were introduced to quarantine but not successfully reared on C. viridis.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 33-39

THWAITE, W.G., ESLICK, M.A. and VAN DE VEN, R. Susceptibility of three apple cultivars to petroleum-derived spray oils applied in late blossom. ……………….. 29

Applications of the horticultural mineral oil Biopest at 2 L 100 L-1 and 1 L 100 L-1 at four days after full bloom or the dormant oil, Winter Spray Oil (2 L 100 L-1) at six days after full bloom, were made to compare the amount of fruit injury to Granny Smith, Fuji and Braebum apples that might result if these treatments had been applied to control Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae).  Across all varieties, injury to fruit on the oil-treated trees was no greater than for the untreated trees, which had 6.0% injury. Injury to Granny Smiths (8.2%) was significantly greater (P<0.10) than Fuji and Braebum apples.  The 3.0% fruit injury from Biopest 2 L 100 L-1 was significantly less (P<0.10) than the other oil treatments and the unsprayed control.  Implications for resistance management of P. ulmi are discussed.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 29-32

THWAITE, W.G., MOONEY, A.M., ESLICK, M.A. and NICOL, H.I. Evaluating pear-derived kairomone lures for monitoring Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Granny Smith apples under mating disruption. ……………………………………………………………………………….. 55

Four sex pheromone lures and the DA2313 lure based on ethyl (2f, 4Z)-2,4-decadienoate, a pear-derived kairomone, were compared for their attraction to codling moth in a 7.3 ha apple orchard at Bathurst NSW.  Plots (1190 nf or 1025 nf) of Granny Smith with Jonathan pollinators (5:1), treated with the mating disruptant, Isomate C at 1000 dispensers ha-1 were used.  Lures were placed in sticky traps mounted on poles just below the height of the tree canopy, in the middle of each plot.  There were three lure change intervals over a 24 week period at 2, 4 and 8 weeks for Scenturion 10 mg sex pheromone lure and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for BioLure, Mega Lure and Super Lure (the “Bubble”) sex pheromone lures and the DA2313 lure.  In 28 weeks from October 2002 to April 2003, DA2313 lure and the Bubble caught more male codling moths than Scenturion, BioLure and Mega Lure.  DA2313 lure baited traps also caught 1.5x more females than males.  There was no effect of lure change interval on catches of males for any of the lures.  DA2313 lures in the field for 12 weeks without change caught more female moths than those changed at 4 or 8 week intervals over the same 24 week period.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 55-60

WEBB, C.E., WILLEMS, K.J. and RUSSELL, R.C. The response of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Sydney region of New South Wales to light traps baited with carbon dioxide and octenol. ……………………………………………………………………………………… 69

We conducted four trials in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia to compare the numbers of mosquitoes collected in Encephalitis Vector Surveillance (EVS) miniature light traps baited with carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide plus octenol or octenol alone.  A total of 12127 mosquitoes belonging to 19 species was collected.  For all species, more mosquitoes were collected in traps baited with carbon dioxide, with or without the addition of octenol, than with octenol alone.  There were significantly more mosquitoes of most Ochlerotatus species collected in traps baited with carbon dioxide plus octenol than with carbon dioxide alone.  The response of Anopheles spp. and Culex spp. was variable but, generally, there was no significant response to the addition of octenol to carbon dioxide baited traps.

General and Applied Entomology 33: 69-73

OBITUARIES

Graham Rhys Young ………………………………………….. 1

Graeme Lawrence Baker ……………………………………… 7

Graham Clancy ………………………………………………… 11