Contents Vol. 38
GENERAL AND APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY
The Journal of the Entomological Society of New South Wales Inc.
VOLUME 38 CONTENTS
BROUGHTON, S. and HERRON, G.A. Management of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae) on strawberries ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 37
Pesticides are required to maintain effective resistance management strategies for control of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on strawberries. Novel chemicals that may be suitable for F. occidentalis control in strawberries include acetamiprid, chlorfenapyr and thiamethoxam. New chemicals are required to augment the only chemical currently registered, spinosad. Rates trialled in the field included 0.5 and 1.0 g ai L-1 acetamiprid, 0.025 and 0.05 g ai L-1 chlorfenapyr, 0.3 and 0.6 g ai L-1 thiamethoxam and 0.01 g ai L-1 spinosad and were loosely based on the LC99.99 level response of an insecticide susceptible laboratory reference strain. Insecticides were applied every three days giving a total of three successive applications as per the three spray strategy. Insecticides were applied with a Stihl backpack mist blower, producing a total spray volume of 800 L ha-1. Only acetamiprid (1.0 g ai L-1) adequately controlled both adult and larval F. occidentalis. Application of spinosad at the lower than registered rate of 0.1 g ai L-1 controlled F. occidentalis larvae and may have a role in integrated pest management strategies that include inundative release of predatory mites.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 37-41
CAMPBELL, A.J., LYNCH, A.J., DOMINIAK, B. and NICOL, H. Effects of radiation, dye, day of larval hopping and vibration on eclosion of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) ……………………………………………………………………. 49
Marking pupae with fluorescent dye is a routine procedure of all releases of sterile Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt)) (Qfly) in Australia. Variable adult eclosion rates occur at field release sites possibly due to travel stress (vibration and temperature) over and above that due to other natural cause such as packaging, irradiation and treatment of pupae with fluorescent dyes. Results of six vibration treatment of up to 8 hours did not cause significant pupal mortality whereas the dying process increased mortality by 16% over the 22% losses due to mortality associated with packaging and irradiation. We conclude that there is an urgent need to re-asses current dye protocols used in the preparation of Qfly for sterile releases.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 49-53
CAR, C.A. Keeled millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) in New South Wales ………………… 1
Of the keeled millipede families that comprise the order Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae is the most widespread and abundant in Australia, yet it is poorly known in New South Wales. This study has added 152 new and undescribed species to the existing 50. Most specimens in established collections were found in the coastal areas where paradoxosomatids are active for most of the year, but indications are that there are many species in the drier areas of the State that would be found only with targeted collecting efforts.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 1-7
CAR, C.A. and WESSENS, S. Getting the most out of arthropod biodiversity surveys: a comparison of survey techniques and taxonomic groups …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
Due to the high costs and large numbers involved with surveys of terrestrial arthropods, biodiversity surveys of this group typically rely on a select group of taxa sampled using a single technique. These surrogate taxa are often selected on the basis of case of identification and survey, but there is limited empirical evidence to show how well the diversity of these groups relates to the total number of arthropod morphospecies within a particular region. We surveyed terrestrial arthropods at 14 vegetation remnants within the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area, in south-western New South Wales (Australia) by pitfall trapping, beating, sweeping and fogging. Our aim was to determine whether there were any taxa and a single sampling technique that best represented the total number of morphospecies in all assemblages at all sites, in order to provide the most efficient survey methods for future monitoring. Taxa included in the analysis were Araneae, Diptera. Coleoptera. Hemiptera and Hymenoptera (excluding Formicidae). No taxa collected using pitfall trapping were significantly correlated with the overall number of morphospecies. However. Coleoptera and Hemiptera from sweep samples were significantly, albeit weakly, correlated with the overall number of morphospecies collected using all sampling methods.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 31-35
DOMINIAK, B.C., LINKS, I.J., FLETCHER, M.J., WORSLEY, P. and MCDOUGALL, S. Detection and spread of currant-lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera:Aphididae) in New South Wales …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
Following detection of currant-lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Tasmania in March 2004 surveillance was undertaken in lettuce production areas in New South Wales from March 2005 to October 2006. Regulation of risk produce and education were part of the response. Initial detections were made in January 2006 and surveys ceased in October 2006 after the pest had been detected in most production areas in the State. The survey demonstrated pest freedom in a progressively declining number of production areas and allowed lettuce trade from aphid free areas to continue with other Australian States sensitive to the pest. Interstate regulation of host produce may have delayed the spread of the aphid, allowing time for the industry to develop strategies to manage the pest.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 27-30
HALES, D., KELLER, M., BOULTON, A. and MALIPATIL, M. Records of mint aphid, Eucarazzia elegans (Ferrari) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Australia. ………….. 23
We report here records of the mint aphid, Eucarazzia elegans (Ferrari) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Australia, from its first appearance in 1994.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 23-25
HOSSAIN, M.S., RETTKE, M., WILLIAMS, D.G. and HOSSAIN, A.B.M.M. Predominant Carpophilus spp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) associated with damaged apricot fruit on trees ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
During the growing season of 2006/07, a study was conducted in apricot blocks (Prunus armeniaca cv. Moorpark) in Loxton, South Australia to investigate the importance of various Carpophilus species in relation to fruit damage on the trees. Although monitoring traps, bailed with fermented apple juice, caught large numbers of C. hemipterus, the beetles found inside the fruit were mostly C. davidsoni. Significantly more fruit at a late stage of maturity were ingested by C. davidsoni than fruit at an early stage of maturity. More study is required to determine Carpophilus species composition on other apricot cultivars and other fruit types.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 43-48
IL’ICHEV, A.L., VAN DE VEN, R., WILLIAMS, D.G. and PENFOLD, N. Monitoring codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Victorian pomefruit orchards with pear ester ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
Sex pheromone mediated mating disruption (MD) is widely used to control codling moth Cydia pomonella L. in Australian pome fruit orchards. The high concentrations of pheromone in MD treated orchards interferes with sex pheromone traps used for monitoring the pest. Ethyl (‘E, Z’)-2, 4-decadienoate (pear ester), a pear kairomone was investigated as an alternative to sex pheromone lures in sticky traps for monitoring of codling moth in apple (Granny Smith and Cripps Pink) and pear (European pear and nashi) orchards. In MD treated orchards, pear ester lures caught significantly more codling moths (both sexes combined) than did 10 mg sex pheromone lures. Pear ester lures caught on average three times more codling moth males than females in any of the four tested varieties at the same height under the same MD treatment (i.e. +/- MD). Both pear ester and 10 mg sex pheromone lures were more effective when placed higher in the tree canopy. Pear ester used for attraction and monitoring of codling moth males and especially females in pome fruit orchards has great potential to improve pest control. Use of pear ester lures in traps placed high in the tree canopy for monitoring of codling moth female activity in pome fruit orchards under MD is advocated.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 57-64
LEVOT, G.W. Laboratory assessment of coumaphos as a potential alternative to fipronil for use in small hivebeetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) refuge traps …………………………………………. 9
Australian bee keepers need an effective means to control small hive beetle infestations in their hives. A refuge trap comprising a two piece rigid plastic shell encasing a fipronil-treated corrugated cardboard insert has proved effective but coumaphos is a potential alternative to fipronil that requires investigation. In laboratory bioassays using treated corrugated cardboard, comparison of the LC50s of coumaphos and fipronil suggested that fipronil was approximately 400 times more potent in killing bettles than coumaphos. Beetles exposed to filter papers treated with a concentration of coumaphos known to cause approximately 100% mortality within 48 h (10 g L-1) were knocked-done, or dead within 4 h or exposure. This was comparable with the rate at which fipronil (0.3 g L-1) caused similar effects.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 9-12
SMITH, G.B. A new inquiline silverfish genus (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae) from Western Australia ……………………………………………….. 15
Galenatelura deflexa gen. and sp. nov. is described from mounds of the termite Coptotermes brunneus Gay, from Western Australia.
General and Applied Entomology 38: 15-21
BOOK REVIEWS:
Bees: Nature’s Little Wonders ……………………………..……………. 13
Spiders: Learning to love them .………..……………..………………….. 14
The Sand Wasps – Natural History and Behaviour…..…..……..……….. 55
Bugs Alive! A guide to keeping Australian invertebrates ……………….. 56